[Aristotle: “The speaker or writer must be a person of good intentions, dedicated to truth, accuracy, and goodwill.”]
— RECENT HEADLINES —
“Donald J. Trump Is Inaugurated as 45th President of the United States of America” (1/20/2017)
“WaPo Says Sessions DID Meet With Russian Ambassador, Contrary to Conf. Testimony” (3/1/2017)
“AG Jeff Sessions Recuses Self From Russia Investigation After False Testimony Revealed; Now Says He Did Meet With Russian Ambassador Kislyak, But Did Not Discuss Campaign” (3/2/2017)
“FBI Dir. Comey Testifies Before House Intel. Cmte.: Trump Campaign Is Under Investigation for Russian Collusion and President’s ‘Obama Wiretapped Me’ Charges Are Completely Unfounded” (3/20/2017)
“House Intel. Cmte. Chair Devin Nunes Stages Late-Night WH Charade to Distract From Comey’s Testimony; Nunes ‘Secret Sources Confirming Obama ‘Wiretaps’ Turn Out to Be WH” (3/21/2018)
“President Fires FBI Director James Comey, Who Finds Out From TV While Speaking to FBI” (5/9/2017)
“In NBC Interview, Trump Says He Was Thinking of Russia Probe When He Fired Comey” (5/11/2017)
“Deputy AG Appoints Special Counsel Mueller to Investigate Russian Election Meddling” (5/17/2017)
“Kushner Spoke to Russian Ambassador About Setting Up Secret Communications Channel” (5/26/2017)
“Trump Announces U.S. Withdrawal From Paris Climate Accord” (6/1/2017)
“CA Presidential Primary Polls Hacked to Disrupt; May Be 1st Sign of Russian Intrusion” (6/7/2017)
“Gucifer 2.0 aka Russian Intelligence Releases Hacked DNC Emails and Documents” (6/15/2017)
“U.S.S. Fitzgerald Collides With Commercial Ship 4 Times Its Size; 7 U.S. Sailors Killed” (6/17/2017)
“3 CNN Journalists Resign After Retracted Story on Trump Ally” (6/26/2017)
“44 States Refuse Trump Voter Fraud Commission Voter Info Request” (7/5/2017)
“Trump Jr., Manafort, Kushner Met With Russians June 9, Baited With Clinton Dirt” (7/11/2017)
“Don Jr. Releases Entire Russian Mtg. Email Chain, Tells Sean Hannity, ‘That’s All There Is’” (7/11/2017)
“I-Know-You-Are-but-What-Am-I News: Trump WH Accuses Clintons of Russian Collusion” (7/12/2017)
“Trump, Putin Held a 2nd Undisclosed Private Conversation at July 7 G-20 Summit” (7/18/2017)
“Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) Discloses His Malignant Brain Tumor, Vows to Continue Work” (7/19/2017)
“Trump Admin. Boasts Killing 860 Regulations; Decries Obama Onslaught Against Business” (7/20/2017)
“AG Sessions False Testimony Exposed, Again; He DID Discuss Campaign With Kislyak” (7/21/2017)
“Scaramucci in as WH Comms. Director; Press Secretary Spicer Resigns in Protest” (7/21/2017)
“President Publicly Attacks AG Jeff Sessions for Recusing Himself From Russia Probe” (7/25/2017)
“Scaramucci Gives Profane Interview to Reporter Excoriating Other Top WH Staff” (7/26/2017)
“President Tweets: Transgender Troops Will Now Be Barred From Military Service” (7/26/2017)
“Trump Tweet-Attacks AG Sessions for Past 3 Days Over Not Replacing Acting FBI Dir., Etc.” (7/26/2017)
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Critical Thinking
Critical thinking. Rhetoric. Persuasion. Argument. Civility.
These words used to carry weight. They used to mean somethin’ (— thanks to SNL’s Drunk Uncle). The concepts were hashed out in the days of Aristotle (student of Plato), Quintillion (student of Cicero), and Dr. Philato (student of Oprahmetrius). They are the foundation upon which communication through language rests.
On July 4, Independence Day, we celebrated the Second Continental Congress, in which critical thought, persuasion, and communication were again stretched to their fullest potential and produced the birth of our nation.
Critical thinking is not just for Founding Fathers anymore. It need not involve intellectual hoop-jumping that only philosophers, lawyers, or Mensa members understand. It can be a simple form of reasoning that everyone should use to cut through uncastrated adult male bovine excreta and get to the most accurate possible version of the truth.
IBATR
IBATR (pronounced “EYE-batter”) comprises my simplified steps that represent the five legs of our critically thoughtful communication table. When even one or two legs are broken — or missing — the table wobbles. Milk spills.
- (I) INFORMATION: Carefully consider the information and its source.
- (B) BIAS: Examine all bias — yours and the source’s.
- (A) ASSUMPTIONS: Examine all assumptions — yours and the source’s.
- (T) TRUTH: Commit to truth and honesty.
- (R) RESPONSE: Formulate a fair, civil response, and re-examine when necessary.
This brings us to persuasion. The skillful use of this powerful tool (weapon?) carries an ethical responsibility, i.e., it should incorporate the principles of IBATR. Aristotle (the Stephen Colbert of his day) was concerned about the misuse of persuasion, which is why he and his Greek buds specified certain ethical requirements as being indispensable to the art and science of rhetoric (aka communication and persuasion). The speaker or writer must be “a person of good intentions … and dedicated to truth, accuracy, and goodwill [civility]” — not to mention exhibiting “fair-mindedness” and “credibility.” (Memering & Palmer, 2006.)
Trump Logic
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams would have killed to have audio and video in their day. To be able to confront a rhetorical adversary with an indisputable record of what that adversary said, as he denies ever saying it, would be a perfect (rhetorical) world. But, alas, welcome to 2017. Audio and video are fun toys. But for 35-40 percent of the electorate and most elected Republicans, audio and video records have no meaning, no connection to their “logical” reality. The 35-40 percent believe the lies and denials and eat up the incivility, video evidence be damned. The elected Republicans look the other way and give tacit approval for the lying, denying, and boorishness.
Donald Trump is an uncivil rhetorical anomaly that even Aristotle and Thomas Jefferson might never have contemplated. As has been widely reported, Mr. Trump has no shame; he cannot be embarrassed by being caught in a lie. He simply responds by adding another one to the onslaught. Argumentum verbosium is logical fallacy by avalanche of plausible-sounding arguments too laborious to untangle. President Trump operates in a constant state of prevaricatum verbosium: logical fallacy by avalanche of mendacity (I saw Cat on a Hot Tin Roof) too voluminous to remember.
I don’t know if critical thinking and IBATR will protect our country through the era of Trump, but it’s the only thing we have. Well, we have the law. But the lack of IBATR and use of unethical persuasion drives those who control the applicable laws — currently, GOP congressional committee leaders and members. That brings us back to rhetoric and critical thought. It’s all we have; we can’t give up on it.
The next time Donald Trump says “The [inaugural] audience was the biggest ever”; “The Pew reports … show voter fraud”; “[I’ll] save … Medicaid … without cuts — have to do it”; “She was bleeding from her face-lift — or wherever”; “The mainstream media is all fake news”; — ask yourself if Trump is “a person of good intentions … and dedicated to truth, accuracy, and goodwill.” Is he “fair-minded”? Is he “credible”? (— thanks to Aristotle)
Contrary to White House deputy press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sander’s recent Ministry-of-Truth-esque regurgitation of President Trump’s sentiments, CNN is not fake news. At the end of last June, they retracted a story linking Trump ally Anthony Scaramucci to a Russian investment fund. CNN made a mistake, then made a distinctly un-fake news correction by issuing a retraction and firing three journalists responsible for the inaccurate story. The Trump administration castigated CNN for this very act of responsible journalism. Now, which one is “dedicated to truth, accuracy, and goodwill”?
IBATR constitutes the trunk of the communications tree. When this trunk is weakened, branches break or die — or get misquoted. Make this acronym your best friend. Put aside time for it. When it is speaking, give it your full attention, as if it were the most important acronym on Earth. But never, EVER, dispute your acronym’s word when the two of you are with friends. ■
References:
Fisher, Alec & Scriven, Michael; Critical Thinking: Its Definition and Assessment; 1997.
Memering, Dean & Palmer, William; Critical Thinking: Discovering How to Compose and Analyze Arguments; 2006.
Moore, Brooke Noel & Parker, Richard; Critical Thinking; 2007.
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